Guimaraes M, Castilho E, Sereno A, Cavalcante S, Lima LA, Gomes V, Berbara V, Hart D, Boschi C; International Conference on AIDS.
Int Conf AIDS. 1992 Jul 19-24; 8: C271 (abstract no. PoC 4156).
UFMG, Brazil.
OBJECTIVES: This multicenter study started in 1990 and is currently underway. The main objective of the project was to determine factors associated with male-to-female HIV-1 transmission in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: Male index cases (IC) were recruited from seven participant centers from Rio according to the following criteria: a. confirmed HIV positivity for IC; b. 18 years old or over; c. heterosexual contact within past year; d. no risk factor for HIV other than sexual contact with IC among their female partners. Couples were interviewed for risk factors, were examined for genital ulcers, and had blood collected for HIV, HBV, syphilis, T4/T8 counts exams. They were asked to sign an informed consent. Analysis included: chi-square, t-test, Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence limits and logistic regression model. This report included couples recruited thru December 1991. RESULTS: As of Dec 1991, 204 couples were available for analysis and 45% of the women were HIV-1 positive. Univariate analysis identified anal sex, lack of vaginal condom use in the past year (PY), frequency of sexual contact in PY, oral contraceptive use (OC), study centers, clinical stage and risk group to be associated with HIV-1 infection while logistic regression models showed the following risk factors to be independently associated: anal sex (OR = 3.29, CI = 1.61-6.72), lack of vaginal condom use (OR = 2.26, CI = 1.06-4.82), OC use for more than one year (OR = 2.44, CI = 1.12-5.29) and study center (OR = 2.38, CI-1.07-5.31). An additive interaction between anal sex and lack of vaginal condom use was also detected. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The prevalence of HIV-1 in this population (45%) and the risk factors identified are similar to other studies carried out in different settings; 2. The detected association between OC use and infection should be further investigated; 3. Interactions among sexual activity variables or STDs are likely to occur among heterosexual transmission of HIV-1; 4. Prevention strategies for heterosexual transmission should take into account cultural/geographical differences worldwide. Project supported by NIAID/PAHO/Ministry of Health-Brazil contract.
Publication Types:
Keywords:
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- Brazil
- Condoms
- Contraception
- Disease Transmission, Horizontal
- Female
- HIV Infections
- HIV Seropositivity
- HIV-1
- Humans
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Multicenter Study
- Odds Ratio
- Prevalence
- Risk Factors
- Safe Sex
- Sexual Behavior
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- transmission
Other ID:
UI: 102199582
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